How can Marketing mix model help Manchester United build its global brand? Essay

The fundamental reason for this report is to present the meaning of establishment and to examination its upsides. The report contains a few focal points of establishment in pretty much every angle, which have been end up being basic and solid. By this mean, the end could be drawn that it is the most ideal approach to show a universal business to establishment. 2. 0Introduction Franchise, is an approval allowed by a legislature or organization to an individual or gathering empowering them to complete indicated business exercises. For instance, McDonald’s is one of the most renowned brand diversifying. As the franchisor, McDonald’s gives the privilege to the franchisee, just as sell McDonald’s related items to somebody who is happy to set up his own business. The permit understanding requests McDonald’s to continue fabricating or working ways and the nature of the great. This is a settlement that can suit the two gatherings truly well. Under a McDonald’s establishment, McDonald’s possesses or leases the position and the structure of eatery. The franchisee purchases the parts, the gear and the option to deal with the establishment in next twenty years. To affirm lucidness all through the world, all franchisees must utilize normalized McDonald’s menus, marking, organization frameworks and structure formats. 3. 0Main Section 3. 1 Justify of the reference Bernd Helmig is Full Professor, Chair and Head of Department for Business Administration, Public and Nonprofit Management at the University of Mannheim (Germany). Other than he goes about as Academic Director for Executive Education of Mannheim Business School. He was Visiting Faculty Guest at Harvard Business School (Boston, Cambridge/Mass. ), and Visiting Scholar at the University of Edinburgh (UK). His examination advantages spread fields, for example, Nonprofit Marketing, Fundraising, Social Marketing, Failure of NPOs, and Corporate Social Responsibility (counting Corporate Giving and Corporate Volunteering). Tansev Geylani moved on from University of Pittsburgh. He has such degrees as PhD in Industrial Administration (Marketing), Carnegie Mellon University, 2004,MS in Industrial Administration (Marketing), Carnegie Mellon University, 2002 MBA, Koc University and 1999 BS in Mechanical Engineering, M. E. T. U. , 1997. Tansev Geylani joined the Katz staff in 2004. His examination advantages incorporate appropriation channels, retailing, product offering systems, data sharing, advertising and antitrust, media rivalry, and client created content. He was named Marketing Science Institute Young Scholar in 2009. Different honors he got incorporate Management Science’s Distinguished Service (2009 ; 2011) and Meritorious Service grants (2012), the Katz Excellence in Research Award (2009), and the Katz Excellence in Teaching Award (2008). Alanson Minkler function as an Associate Professor, Economics for University of Connecticut at Storrs Mansfield. His branches of knowledge include: Economic Rights, Alternative Economic Decision-Making. He additionally has degree like Ph. D. College of California-Davis, 1988 and B. A. College of California-Berkeley, 1981. His underlying advantages fixated on specialist commitments and inspirations in firms, with specific spotlight on work oversaw and diversified firms 3. 2 Advantages of Franchise Being your own supervisor The franchisor consistently checks the principles of administration, quality, worth and neatness of the franchisee (Minkler, A. , 1990). The franchisee who gets all the preparation and backing from franchisor is working their own business so has a lot to lose just as addition, which propels them a great deal to decide to succeed. Lower disappointment rate Once you utilize an establishment, you are purchasing a created idea that has been effective. Figures show that franchisees stand a vastly improved chance of progress than individuals who start autonomous organizations; free organizations check a 70 to 80 percent possibility of NOT enduring the initial hardly any basic years while franchisees have a 80 percent possibility of enduring (Michael M. Coltman, Franchising in Canada: Pros and Cons, Self-Counsel Press). Concentrated beginning preparing The franchisor has the obligation to offer full-time preparing program which incorporates three phases to franchisee (Tansev G, 2004). Right off the bat, it begins with working in an eatery, wearing the staff uniform, planning for food and preparing. Also, it centers around zones, for example, group building, business the executives, taking care of client enquiries and authority abilities. Ultimately, the learner finds out about stock control and requesting, lawful side of recruiting andâ employing staff and benefit and misfortune accounts. These preparation techniques are end up being significant. Advertising help Franchisee could profit by the parent company’s promoting programs, as indicated by Entrepreneur. com. The showcasing and publicizing commercials made by the franchisor leave franchisee with more opportunity to concentrate on the every day working of business. This is a success win for the two gatherings. It helps increment deals by methods for establishment, which, then again, permits the parent organization to gather more expenses. (Bernd H. 2008) Continuous help It perceives that the achievement and gainfulness of numerous universal chain brands are inseparably connected to the accomplishment of the establishments (Minkler, A. , 1990). An exceptionally qualified gathering of expert counselors offer ceaseless help on everything from HR to PCs and bookkeeping. The field consultant can turn into an important colleague and a sounding board for thoughts. Ensured Territory In many cases, an establishment parent organization would ensure franchisee a foreordained domain and help it in prevailing in that field (Tansev G, 2004). Regions fluctuate contingent upon the organization which is worked with, yet not rivaling another establishment area from a similar organization in domain can assist with creating income. 3. 3 Shortages of Franchise One significant issue for another business is foreseeing how much business it may appreciate, risking either income issues or the challenges related with overtrading. The turnover and benefit from any outlet will differ, contingent upon a wide scope of inside and outside factors. Each franchisee is relied upon to adopt a positive strategy to working up deals, albeit a normal pace of return of more than 20 percent is commonly expected over the lifetime of the establishment. With regards to beginning a business, numerous individuals consider purchasing an establishment as an alternate way to progress (Bernd H. 2008). While there is some reality to this, not all establishments are made equivalent, and not every person is removed to be a franchisee. 4Conclusion By explicit portrayals of numerous favorable circumstances of establishment and correlation them with its downsides, we can make the end that establishment is the most ideal method of universal business.

Phonological Development in Children Essay

Phonology is investigation of the sound arrangement of the language and the standards for their blend. There are around 200 sounds utilized in dialects all through the world. As we as a whole know, sound is the start of language learning. In figuring out how to talk, youngsters must get information on the phonological types of words and expressions of their local language and must become familiar with the articulatory and phonatory developments expected to create these words and expressions in a grown-up like way. Youngsters get familiar with their phonological arrangement of local language even since as youthful baby. They first year of an infant’s life which is before they can express their first word are known as prelinguistic stage. Kids don't express their first word until they are around one year old. At one month, they show all out impression of discourse. A perceptual capacity is capacity to fragment one sentence into singular word units. This capacity ordinarily prompts creation and along these lines helps in the advancement of discourse creation. Despite the fact that youngsters don't deliver their first word until they roughly year years old, the capacity to create discourse sound begin to create at an a lot more youthful age. After the mother conceiving an offspring, the youthful baby will create undifferentiated birth cry. Inside 0 to about a month and a half, the newborn child can deliver reflexive sound which are glottal catch and vowels, for example, ah, eh, and uh. In addition the newborn child likewise can deliver some assortment non-crying sound. They likewise produce separated cry which that genuine vocal correspondence starts. In the range 6 to about four months, newborn child begin to create cooing sound when they are cheerful. Additionally, they start to create single syllables and blowing bubbles. At multi month, newborn child despite everything lean toward baby guided contrast with grown-up executive discourse. Furthermore by multi month, baby have realized which highlight they need to focus on at the suprasegmental level, for example, sound and stress. At 5 months old, baby want to hear their own name to comparable sounding word. Then again, by half year old, they open more to their local language and begin to learn not to focus on sound that are not significant in their local language. The creation of vowel sound in the initial multi month lead to the creation of consonants. First back consonants ([g], [k]) are being produce around 2 to 3 months and front consonants ([m], [n], [p]) is having the option to deliver by newborn child at around a half year old. In the range 3 to half year, chattering starts impact by their local language. Likewise, they chattering show pitch and intonation change. They begin to deliver twofold syllables-VCV, for example, aga. Kids are likewise ready to assembles lips and state â€Å"m† and nasal tone is heard. Not just that, they additionally start to vocalize their pleasure and disappointment. Newborn children in this range will quit vocalizing when grown-ups enters and have self-started vocal play. They are additionally cooing, laughing, murmuring and giggling. At 7 months, they ready to portion word from discourse that shows a solid feeble pressure design, which is the most widely recognized pressure design in the English language. The procedure that permits newborn child to utilize prosodic prompts in discourse contribution to find out about language structure is known as ‘prosodic bootstrapping’ . While kids at 8 months old by and large don't comprehend the significance of the most single word yet, they still ready to comprehend the importance of specific expressions they hear a great deal. By 9 months old, newborn child can separate local from nonnative language. Youngsters utilizes [m], [n],[t],[d],[b],[p] and [y] in jabbering numerous syllables by 6 to 9 months old. They chattering tunefully or singing tones and uses a few of sound blend. They additionally start to have arched vocal play and pitch designs heard. Baby likewise duplicate pitch and discourse sound from the grown-up in their own collection. Reduplicative prat tling starts for instance bababa. From 9 to a year, kids vocalize during play and furthermore start to vocalize before reflect. They can babble noisily with wide assortment of sounds and pitches. Baby consolidate distinctive vowel and consonant into syllable string in vocal play and at this stage phonetic float starts. Newborn child likewise get variegated jabbering and joins various syllables in vocal play. At this stage, youngsters regularly have not yet started to talk and hence have no creation jargon however in the range 10 to 11 months old, children’s appreciation jargon size is around 11 to 154 words . During this transitional period from chattering to the expression of the primary word, youngsters likewise produce â€Å"protowords†. Protowords is concocted words that are utilized reliably to communicate explicit implications. In the range 1 year old to 1  ½ years old, newborn children ordinarily use language to impart. We can likewise hear some redundancy of words or echolalia. They are utilizes most vowels and consonants and some underlying consonant. Essentially, their articulations garbled with special case of a couple of words. Clarity alludes to the extent of the speaker’s yield that audience members can without much of a stretch comprehend. They ordinarily forget about conclusive consonant and some underlying consonant. By the scope of this age, they begin to create word in VC structure, for example, bo/pontoon and ready to emulates some word precisely. By 14 months old, kids as a rule produce their first word. First word is straightforward structure and contains similar sounds that were use in late chattering. At 16 months kids understanding jargon size extents from around 92 to 321 words. At this age, children’s creation jargon size at this age is normally around 50 words. Children ’s creation turns out to be progressively predictable around the age of year and a half. Inside 1  ½ to 2 years of age, children’s words expanding in recurrence and language nearly passed by 2 years of age. Generally, they will pose inquiries by raising pitch at end of expression. In addition, kids show improvement in comprehensibility. Roughly 65% comprehensible by 2 years. What's more, word delivered with CVC structure, for example, enormous show up at this scope old enough. Clarity improve when they at 2 to 2  ½ years old from 65% to 70%. In addition, they may skirt last consonant, diminish consonant mix and substitute one consonant for another. The size of the jargon creation is around 50 to 550 words. Youngsters additionally appear to develop their jargon quicker if the discourse they hear is identified with their focal point of consideration all the more frequently. At 2  ½ to 3 years of age, youngsters despite everything do some replacement and change of consonants. They keep on improving their coherence to roughly 80%. By this age they can aced consonants; [p], [m], [n], [w], [h]. Kids at 3 to 3  ½ years utilize last consonants the vast majority of time. At this age, Final-Consonant Deletion process, consonant digestion, diminutization, multiplying, prevocalic voicing, reduplication unstressed syllable cancellation and velar fronting ought to be gone. Kids become truly clear in associated discourse by age 3  ½ years to 4 years of age. They had aced consonants;[b], [d], [j], [g], [f], [y]. Besides, phonological procedure proceeds with which are bunch decrease, deplatalization, epenthesis, last devoicing, floating, halting and vocalization. In 4 to 4  ½ years, ought to be hardly any mistake and replacements of consonant in kids articulations. They become progressively coherent particularly in associated discourse. At the range 4  ½ years to 5 years of age, kids utilize most consonant sounds reliably and precisely. Despite the fact that, more blunders present in troublesome mixes. At 5 to 6 years of age, youngsters aced consonants, for example, t, ing, r, l. Follow by 6 to 7 years of age, they start to aced consonant, for example, voiceless th, sh, ch, j. Consequently, small kids have wonderful capacity to learn implications for the words they extricate from the discourse they are presented to. Obtaining of the language is unequivocally relate with condition. The phonological improvement ought to be know by guardians to identify any phonological issue on their youngster.

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Opening Lines

Blog Archive Monday Morning Essay Tip Opening Lines As all good journalists will tell you, the key to writing a good newspaper story or opinion piece is to make sure that the very first line grabs the reader’s attention. Many authors also employ this tactic when writing books. Few of us may have read Herman Melville’s Moby Dick, but many of us know that the novel begins with three famous words: “Call me Ishmael.” A powerful first line can also stick with readers long after they have finished readingwe all likely recognize the phrase “It was a dark and stormy night,” but few of us may know that it is the opening line of a book by an obscure writer (Paul Clifford by Edward George Bulwer-Lytton). Although beginning an essay with a very short introduction is the norm, sometimes a punchy opening line can grab the reader’s attention in a useful way. Consider the differences between these pairs of openers. Which line in each example better captures your attention? Example 1: A “Why MBA?” essay: A: “After I graduate with my MBA, I want to work in the wine industry.” B: “Blood runs in the veins of all humans, but wine also runs in mine.” Example 2: A “What are you most passionate about in life?” essay: A: “There is nothing I enjoy more than playing ice hockey.” B: “As soon as the nearby river freezes, I wake at 6 a.m. each day and join my teammates for a prework scrimmage.” No set formula exists for opening lines. In fact, the possibilities are endless, and each opener depends on the context of the story being told. Nonetheless, our point is that you must carefully consider your opening line, because it will set the tone of your essay and determine whether your reader will want to read more. Share ThisTweet Monday Morning Essay Tips

U.s. Public Education System - 952 Words

The U.S. public education system contains tremendous inequality, much of which is maintained through the institution itself. We believe the system to be based on the principles of a strong work ethic and equal opportunity – key components of the dominant American ideology, which are in turn made reasonable by the schooling system. Furthermore, structural factors such as cumulative advantage, which explains how those who are successful gain additional success, offer an explanation for the inequalities in the school system that cannot be described or solved by money. Therefore, through the legitimation of the dominant American ideology and the process of cumulative advantage, the U.S. public education system perpetuates social inequality within the classroom and provides more power to those already born with greater life chances. In social theory, there is a long-standing debate over whether structure or agency is central in shaping human behavior. While structure refers to the underlying set of rules for how a society works, agency refers to the ability of the individual to exert choice or will within this structure. The interplay between these two distinct perspectives is key in shaping ideology: a way of seeing that appears natural and inevitable, and provides the rationalization for society’s structure (Marger 222). In the United States, the dominant ideology consists of various beliefs, including individualism, equality of opportunity, meritocracy, and work ethic (McNameeShow MoreRelatedU.s. Public Education System863 Words   |  4 PagesThe U.S. public education system has been a controversial topic for many years; by virtue of budget cuts, overcrowding, and lack of innovation which negatively impacted the effectiveness of schools. According to a report by Education Week, â€Å"29 nations and other jurisdictions outperformed the United States [in mathematics] by a statistically significant margin (Heitin). Coupled with the 19th and 22nd ranking of literacy and science respectively, it is evident students are not receiving a quality educationRead MoreU.s. Public Education System854 Words   |  4 PagesThe U.S. public education system has been subject for debate for many years now, budget cuts, overcrowding and lack of innovation have severely impacted the effectiveness of our schools. As a result, according to a report by Education Week, â€Å"In mathematics, 29 nations and other jurisdictions outperformed the United States by a statistically significant margin, up from 23 three years ago† (Heitin). Coupled with our 19th and 22nd ranking of literacy and science respectively, because of this, we canRead MorePublic Education : The United States912 Words   |  4 Pages Public education is a good that is privileged to everyone in the United States. While education may seem extensive and unnecessary, especially to youth, achieving an education has benefitted people through the history of the U.S., which in turn benefits the U.S.’s welfare. When Thomas Jefferson advocated the opening of public schools in the early 1800s, his plan was only half fulfilled; only wealthy communities could afford public schools (Watson 2). This remained true until the early to mid 1900sRead MoreA Discussion Of Constitutional Law And Its Relationship With Education1031 Words   |  5 PagesLaw and Its Relationship with Education Education is not explicitly mentioned in the United States Constitution, but instead, education is one of the powers reserved to the states. Power not specifically given to the federal government is reserved for the states through the Tenth Amendment of the Unites States Constitution. Therefore, states have plenary, or absolute, power in the area of education. While states may hold this reserved power, with regard to education the federal government has foundRead MoreRelations Between The United States And The Europe1691 Words   |  7 PagesPeterly Jean Baptiste US- EU relations Introduction Relations between the United States and the Europe dates back as far to 1950. Back in those days the U.S dealt with the ECSC, European Coal and Steel Community. The ECSC was created in the wake of WWII, established by the Treaty of Paris, with the sole purpose of uniting Europe which had been hammered by three increasingly destructive wars. The ECSC’s objective of unity was forged through the creation of a free trade area for several key economicRead MoreComparing Germany s Education System859 Words   |  4 PagesIn comparing and contrasting Germany’s Education System to the U.S Education System, one would find both similarities and differences; however, one enormous difference is that tuition is free to the students in the Germany’s Public School System and higher educational institutions (Flippo, 1996). More importantly, Parks (2014) explained, that if an American wanted to be educated in Germany, the tuition would be free, but in order to obtain a bachelorà ¢â‚¬â„¢s degree in Germany, the American student wouldRead MoreComparative Analysis on Education System Between France and the U.S. 1370 Words   |  6 PagesComparative Analysis on Education System between France and the U.S. Throughout our lives, we acquire knowledge and as we continue to grow, so does our learning process. Everyday we learn something new, whether it be about ourselves or the way life seems to work. People strive to educate their children in order to prepare them in becoming a fruitful member of society. It starts off while being a young child; we obtain information through our parents or close relatives. However, as we grow up,Read MoreThe Face Of Education And The Changes It Has Undertaken Throughout History1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe face of education and the changes it has undertaken throughout history in the U.S. is a constant flow that thus alters the fabric of the American society. To provide an educated workforce for the future has been the job of educators for centuries, but with a greater immigration movement and presence, an educator s’ ability is limited and the fate of such children are left to suffer. Pulling from America’s position as a â€Å"melting pot † of different cultures and people, students should not be subjugatedRead MoreGovernment Accountability918 Words   |  4 PagesThe U.S Department of Education as is seen as being under the supervision of the President. In addition, the accountability of the public institutions in the United States is primarily relies on the regulation rather than the public participation (Chandler, 2000). He argues that the laws provide an adequate accountability for the public administration. Although the U.S. Government has the Freedom of Information Act which allows people to seek information about the government programs and activitiesRead MoreImmigrant Children and U.S Education1257 Words   |  6 PagesAware of the free education provided by the United States government to any school age children, immigrants both legal and illegal continue to be attracted to the United States, migrating in an attempt to provide better opportunities for their families and themselves. As the number of i llegal immigrants living in the United states continues to rise and the percentage of illegal immigrant households which consist of children also continues to rise, it is important for the American government to examine

Biography of Artist Romare Bearden

Overview Visual artists Romare Bearden portrayed African-American life and culture in various artistic mediums. Bearden’s work as a cartoonist, painter, and collage artist spanned the Great Depression and post-Civil Rights Movement. Following his death in 1988, The New York Times wrote in its obituary of Bearden that he was â€Å"one of America’s most pre-eminent artists† and â€Å"the nation’s foremost collagist.† Achievements Established the 306 Group, an organization for African-American artists in Harlem.Co-wrote the jazz classic, â€Å"Sea Breeze,† which was later recorded by Billy Eckstine and Dizzy Gillespie.Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1966.Elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1972.Elected to the National Academy of Design as an associate member in 1978.Awarded the National Medal of Arts in 1987.Established the Bearden Foundation to provide support to young visual artists.Listed as one of Molefi Kete Asante’s 100 Greatest African Americans. Early Life and Education Romare Bearden was born on September 9, 1912 in Charlotte, N.C.   At an early age, Bearden’s family moved to Harlem. His mother, Bessye Bearden was the New York editor for the Chicago Defender. Her work as a social activist allowed Bearden to be exposed to artists of the Harlem Renaissance at an early age. Bearden studied art at New York University and as a student, he drew cartoons for the humor magazine, Medley. During this time, Bearden also freelanced with newspapers such as Baltimore Afro-American, Collier’s, and the Saturday Evening Post, publishing political cartoons and drawings. Bearden graduated from New York University in 1935. Life as an Artist Throuhgout Bearden’s career as an artist, he was heavily influenced by African-American life and culture as well as jazz music. Following his graduation from New York University, Bearden was attending the Art Students League and working with expressionist George Grosz. It was during this time that Bearden became an abstract collage artist and painter. Bearden’s early paintings often depicted African-American life in the South. His artistic style was influenced heavily by muralists such as Diego Rivera and Jose Clemente Orozco. By the 1960s, Bearden was innovative art works that incorporated acrylics, oils, tiles, and photographs. Bearden was heavily influenced by 20th century artistic movements such as cubism, social realism and abstraction. By the 1970s, Bearden continued to depict African-American life through the use of ceramic tilings, paintings and collage. For instance, in 1988, Bearden’s collage â€Å"Family,† inspired a larger artwork that was installed at the Joseph P. Addabbo Federal Building in New York City. Bearden was also heavily influenced by the Caribbean in his work. The lithograph â€Å"Pepper Jelly Lady,† portrays a woman selling pepper jelly in front of a wealthy estate. Documenting African-American Artistry In addition to his work as an artist, Bearden wrote several books on African-American visual artists. In 1972, Bearden coauthored â€Å"Six Black Masters of American Art† and â€Å"A History of African-American Artists: From 1792 to Present† with Harry Henderson. In 1981, he wrote â€Å"The Painter’s Mind† with Carl Holty. Personal Life and Death Bearden died on March 12, 1988 from complications from bone marrow. He was survived by his wife, Nanete Rohan. Legacy In 1990, Bearden’s widow established The Romare Bearden Foundation. The purpose was to preserve and perpetuate the legacy of this preeminent American artist.   In Bearden’s hometown, Charlotte, there is a street named in his honor along with a collage of glass tiles called â€Å"Before Dawn† at the local library and the Romare Bearden Park.

Organizational Behavior System in Jgtdsl, Bangladesh

Introduction: - Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. It does this by taking a system approach. That is, it interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system. Its purpose is to build better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives Elements of Organizational Behavior:- The organizations base rests on managements philosophy, values, vision and goals. This in turn drives the organizational culture which is composed of the formal organization, informal organization, and the social environment. The culture†¦show more content†¦This process is known as Action Research. 5. Contingency Orientation: Actions are selected and adapted to fit the need. 6. Change Agent: Stimulate, facilitate, and coordinate change. 7. Levels of Interventions: Problems can occur at one or more level in the organization so the strategy will require one or more interventions. An organizational behavior system:- [pic] Figure – An organizational behavior system Elements of the system Philosophy- the philosophy of organizational behavior held by management cconsist of an integrated set of assumption and benefits about the way things are the purpose of these activities , and the way they should be. The philosophies are some times explicit and occationally amplict, in the mindes of managers. Five major organizational behavior philosophies- autocratic, custodial, supportive, collegial, and system-and their implication are bdiscussed later in this assignment. Values:- Values can be defined as those things that are important to or valued by someone. That someone can be an individual or, collectively, an organization. One place where values are important is in relation to vision. Values are the embodiment of what an organization stands for, and should be the basis for the behavior of its members. Vision- vision represents a challenging portrait of what the organization and its members

Profit Allocation Market

Question: Write an essay on estimations and comparisons the risks. Answer: The ratio provides an in-depth knowledge about the market price of steel and tubes. It has been observed that the pricing strategy for its steel product is high in comparison to the price prevailing in the market and other competing firms. It is noteworthy to underpin that the organisation may find it difficult to penetrate into the market into other nation market since it has high pricing policies. It is important to determine that market pricing is an important factor in determining the companys market penetration strategy. If the business is dependent on the heavy manufacturing plant it needs to re-consider its pricing strategies (Hull, 2014). Higher overhead cost for 15mm bar: It has been observed that the cost of overhead has been very high for 15m bars. It is understood that the indirect cost of overhead is higher than the direct cost of allocation. The reasons for such misstatement are the improper allocation of cost of overhead under various heads of direct and indirect costs. The direct cost allocated for the direct cost of 15m bar is observed as $909 which is seen as the highest in compare to the 9m and 12m which is only $715 and $ 860. The company has already set its pricing strategies at a higher level and if it further increases its allocation of the overhead price then the company will lag behind in competition in compared to the other companies in the market. As the price will exceed the competitors price. (Sage, 2015). Profit allocation should be in accordance to the market: Improper allocation of selling general and administration expenses: It is understood that improper allocation of selling and administration expenses creates an unwanted burden over the cost of allocation, which is ultimately reflected in the selling and distribution overhead. The table reflects that the amount of selling and distribution overhead. It has been stated that the company does not follows a standard form of profit allocation and this leads to improper revenue generation of the business. The identification of such risks could poses a threat for the company as in the long run direct cost though tends be uniform but the indirect cost is variable element. This may fail to provide the organisation a clear picture regarding the financial stability. (Sadgrove, 2015). Moreover, the companies dealing with multiple lines of product, it is observed that the product dealing with the lowest size of the like 9m bars has more number of sale than the higher size of products like 15m bars. In this way we can see that the company will be able to increase the gross profit ratio if it increases the sale of the 9m bars as the sale of such category of items will further increase. On the other hand if the company decrease the price of the 15m bars then it will be able to increase the sale of such products to some extent can earn more profits. Re-examination of 9mm bar cost of production: It is assumed that the competitors also charge the profit rate more or less similar to the rate of the organisation. From the above stated chart it has been observed that the cost of 12 m bars and 15 m bars used to maintain the moderate difference from the selling price in relation to the competitors. Whereas, the cost of 9m bars is very close to the selling price of the competitors. Hence, it can be stated that the production cost of 9m bars are not at par with the average industry cost. The above stated analysis states that such factors could be considered as one of their potential business risks (Kendrick, 2015). We can also observe that the in case of the 9m bars the difference with the competitors price is the highest with difference of amount $417.50. This is a large gap when compared to the competitors prices. In order to bridge the difference the company needs to see the various costs allocating in the direct and indirect overheads and reduce the cost of production. It is evident that the competitors are still able to earn huge amount of profits even by setting the prices lower than Steel tubes. The difference of the competitors price in case of 12m and15m bars is $ 300 and $287.50. So even if the company reduces the prices to some level still it will be able to properly allocate its profits and compensate the lower profit earned with the 9m bars. The operating performances of the roofing product segment are evaluated in accordance to the cost efficiency profitability, material usage and labour efficiency of each roofing product. Cost Efficiency Profitability:- From the broader aspect, the performance of any product or service is judged by the profitability parameter. The ultimate goal of every business is to optimize its profit. On the other hand, the amount of profit use to depend on the production cost and the profit policies of the organization. Therefore, to measure the performance of the operation, both the cost of production, related expenses and the profit or loss, generated from the operation should analyzed with utmost care. The amount of cost, sales and profits of the roofing products are compared in the following graph:- From the above graph, it is clear that the cost of goods sold of Albany is lowest and Upper Hut use to have the highest cost of goods sold. The cost of Manukau and Hamilton are moderate and almost at par with each other. Manukau use to have highest sales figures. Next in the list are Albany, Upper Hut and Hamilton. The gross profits of the products also follow the same trend. It can be explained from the analysis that from the cost perspective, though, Albany and Manukau include lower cost than Hamilton and Upperhut, these two products generate more sales amount and provide more gross profit than the other two products. It implies that Hamilton and Upperhut are less profitable for the For further analysis, the gross margin ratio and the operating margin ratio are presented below along with graphical representations:- Particulars Albany Manukau Hamilton Upper Hutt Gross Margin Ratio 0.42574592 0.426400134 0.348156824 0.394966206 Operating Margin Ratio -0.0006741 0.017407249 0.002280771 -0.023233483 The above charts denote that Upperhut has generated net deficit after the deduction of other non-operating expenses. Though Albany has provided high gross profits, it has also generated deficit. It indicates that the non-operating expenses of the business are not properly allocated or spent effectively. Material Usage Efficiency:- The cost profit can be effected by various factors. In the above charts, it has been observed that the cost of goods sold of Hamilton and Upperhut is higher than the other two products, but, both the products has failed to generate high sales volume to cover the additional costs. The major part of the cost of goods sold is consisted by the cost of materials. Hence, to determine the actual reasons for the higher costs, the material usages for each product should also be analyzed (Mattes et al., 2013) The production capacity and the actual production of each products are compared below:- Particulars Albany Manukau Hamilton Upper Hutt Capacity (kgs) 15,608 20,273 18,216 21,806 Production (kgs) 10,460 15,494 15,819 15,246 Apart from the capacity, the material wastage of the four products are also scrutinized in the following chart:- The graph indicates that Albany and Uppercut have the higher percentage of wastage in comparison to other products. Labour Efficiency:- The labour cost also has to be analyzed, as apart from material, manufacturing cost includes higher amount of labour cost also. The following chart graph helps to represent the labour efficiency of each product:- Particulars Albany Manukau Hamilton Upper Hutt Labor Overtime 5.00% 12.00% 0.00% 5.00% Idle time 27% 14% 0% 21% Admin support staff (number) 3 4 4 3 Amongst the four products, there is no idle time and labour overtime for Hamilton. The not very high. Whereas, the idle time rates of Albany and Upperhut are very high and the differences with the labour overtime are also very high (Wu et al., 2013). Effects of the material usage and labour efficiency variance The above analysis shows that the wastage of Albany and Upper Hart has been the highest and rate of variance in terms of capacity and production is also high. Due to this variance of capacity and production amount although the company is able earn gross profit but it incurs net loss. Another reason for this difference in profit has been seen due to increased amount of idle time for both Albany and upper hart. It has been observed that the labours are inefficient due to the idle time and variance in case of both Albany and upper hart. The wastage further implies that the labours are not able to properly utilize the available resources. Action plan for new product: Detailed recommendations of the action plan for improving the business: The sections of the company Albany and upper hart are not utilizing the resources efficiently. It has been observed that the gross profit margin of the Hamilton section is the lowest and company should take effective action in order to control the various cost constraints in order to maintain the costs related to materials and direct labor. It has been also seen that the cost of goods sold of the upper Hutt is highest and it should take measure to control the cost components for the same. Whereas cost of goods sold of Albany is low. In terms of materials usage it has been observed that Upper Hutt utilizes highest amount of resources and gives least amount of production. Business planning: The study highlights that Steel and tube ltd has ignored the areas of strategic planning for the last three years. It is evident that the operating results are obtained and lack of administration is major elements to be considered. On the other hand it is note the absence of proper planning procedure is contributing factor of the down turn of the business (Laguna, Marklund, 2013). Recommendations: The directors and the owners should review the existing mode of functional operations and develop a strategic planning approach for long term business perspective. Once the goals have been set the directors and the executives concerned with the day to day operations of the business. The owner concerned must hold up meeting with the staff members to discuss the goals and objective of the business. An implementation plan must be developed by the business to keep a track of the policies in order to measure the functional operation personality of the business so that it can ensure that the results are within the objective of the business. Financial: The present budget that has been placed for operations is not reflecting the true affair of the business. Such leads to the financial measure, which is not in line of the current activities of the operations. Recommendations Once the areas of strategic planning are implemented, a new budget should be developed to align with the financial strategies and plan which needs to be addressed to obtain the financial outcomes for long-term business plans. Forecasting the both the elements of the statement of profit and loss account and cash flow statement should be prepared on monthly basis to ensure the that the short term plans for strategic planning are in accordance with the objectives of the business. After trading for a period of six months under the new strategic plan, an in depth review of the operations results should be determined to assure that the co-operation will yield result to business profitability. Efficient use of resources: Productivity: Analysis of staffing indicated that the degree of staffing was highly one of the benchmark, hence of the staffing and their productivity are major area of concern. Productivity is one of the elements of sales income in order to increase the productivity an increase or decrease in sales is necessary. When the staff roaster was reviewed in contrast to the daily trading it was viewed that the lowest number of staff were present during the highest trading days. This highlights that current policies for weekends was allowed for only one member to provide the service during the peak production seasons (Rao, 2014). Recommendations: A detailed structure of staffing and the responsibilities should be used to counter such issues to determine the viability of such operations. Key responsibilities should be shared with the staff members where possible. Creating a position of description for all staff members as the roles of all the members are to be documented with the position describing the areas to be agreed with each other staff members. Implementing the accountability through the key performance indicator for each of the staff members. Working capital management: Stock management: Gross margin of profit for the current year has been on declining from the previous year which is below the bench mark of the data given. Is has been observed that there is a substantial increase in sales and it appears that reduction will be due to stock issues (Ivers et al., 2013). Recommendations: Though the mark up on the stocks were adjusted twice during the current fiscal year to reflect the higher purchase price of goods for further analysis to increase the gross margin highlighted in order to increase the gross margin in freight. Included in the cost of goods sold to write off during the financial year as this can be recognised that destroyed stock are identified as an unaccounted losses is can be realised at stock undertaking. The CEO needs to consider various types of internal and external risks for the financial year 2016. Tubes and steel needs to control various activities which generally include approvals, authorizations, performance reviews and segmentation of the various roles within the organization. The understanding of the internal risks ensures that the financial information obtained related to various products is accurate and reliable and facilitate in achievement of the various business objectives. In order to implement good internal control the CEO of the company should monitor the cost constraints of all sizes of the steel bars which are needed for production. It also needs to consider the internal prices policies of 9m, 12m and 15m steel bars. For effective implementation of the internal risks the company needs to communicate the various risk at staff level and breakdown the internal controls. The external risks are typically those risks which the companies dont have any control and they are driven by the market forces. The company is likely to face the risks of increased completion in the steel industry such as Arcelor Mittal, Hebei Steel Group, Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corporation. Due to increased cost of production and the company is bound to face fierce completion in the steel section. The company will also face competition from tyre companies such as Bridgestone, and Goodyear. The management of external risk has little to do with controlling he external factors and more to do with mitigating the risks. The CEO should always keep himself updated with the various potential market risks so that it is able to increase its returns and gross profit margin for the year 2016 (sterle, 2013). Pricing: Pricing forms an important part of profitability for Steel and tubes as business firms depends upon the products and price of the product. It is important to assure that pricing and selling offers more profit to the business. Implementing appropriate pricing policies and reviewing it on regular basis which must be in accordance with the line of cost. The executives and the managers must be taking the initiative about how establish balance between the pricing strategies and range of products. In order to continuously improve the performance, Steel Tubes needs to evaluate its operations or processes related to products, services and marketing strategies. In order to evaluate the performance of the business Steel Tubes needs to adopt benchmarking strategies. It needs to compare its performance with various other companies in the market. The various performance metrics of the evaluation and benchmarking assists the business operations or processes to become more productive and efficient in their operations (Haney et al., 2013). The single-measure based on the gap analysis is used as fundamental technique in the performance evaluation. The single output or input measures is based on the evaluation of the performance on the basis of financial ratios. The roofing products based on the financial rations suggests that fixed asset turnover (FAT) for the Albany product has been the highest with FAT ratio of 10.93, we also see the Hamilton products is lowest with only 5.25 units of FAT. The return on investment of roofing products states that the highest return that the company has been able to earn is from Albany and Manukau (Zhu, J. 2014). The costing information further states that the company has born highest indirect cost for 15m bar. The company has also incurred the highest amount of selling and general expenses from 15m bar. Based on the available information the company needs to reduce the costs of the indirect expenses of the 15m bars and also control its production cost related to the 15m bars. Reference list: Haney, A. B., Pollitt, M. G. (2013). International benchmarking of electricity transmission by regulators: A contrast between theory and practice?. Energy Policy, 62, 267-281. Hull, J. C. (2014).The evaluation of risk in business investment. Elsevier. Ivers, N.M., Sales, A., Colquhoun, H., Michie, S., Foy, R., Francis, J.J. and Grimshaw, J.M., (2014). No more business as usualwith audit and feedback interventions: towards an agenda for a reinvigorated intervention.Implementation Science,9(1), pp.1-8. Kendrick, T. (2015).Identifying and managing project risk: essential tools for failure-proofing your project. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Kontush, A. (2016). Identifying new Risk Markers and Potential Targets: The Value of the Proteome.Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy,30(1), 13-18. Laguna, M. and Marklund, J., (2013).Business process modeling, simulation and design. CRC Press. Lun, Y. V., Shang, K. C., Lai, K. H., Cheng, T. C. E. (2016). Examining the influence of organizational capability in innovative business operations and the mediation of profitability on customer satisfaction: An application in intermodal transport operators in Taiwan.International Journal of Production Economics,171, 179-188. Mattes, K., Bollhfer, E., Miller, M. (2013). Increased raw material efficiency through product-service systems in resource-intensive production processes? Barriers, chances and an assessment approach. InProduct-Service Integration for Sustainable Solutions(pp. 141-152). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. sterle, H., (2013.)Business in the information age: heading for new processes. Springer Science Business Media. Rao, T. V. (2014).HRD audit: evaluating the human resource function for business improvement. SAGE Publications India. Sadgrove, M. K. (2015).The complete guide to business risk management. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Sage, A. P. (2015).Risk modeling, assessment, and management. Y. Y. Haimes (Ed.). John Wiley Sons. Shin, S., Eksioglu, B. (2014). Effects of RFID technology on efficiency and profitability in retail supply chains.Journal of Applied Business Research,30(3), 633. Wu, P. C., Fan, C. W., Pan, S. C. (2014). Does Human Development Index provide rational development rankings? Evidence from efficiency rankings in super efficiency model.Social indicators research,116(2), 647-658. Zhu, J. (2014). Quantitative models for performance evaluation and benchmarking: data envelopment analysis with spreadsheets (Vol. 213). Springer.

Differences in Diabetic Related Cases in African

Introduction The research study examines the diabetes epidemic among African-Americans based on the various range of risk as well as structural factors contributing to the prevalence of the disease amongst women.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Differences in Diabetic Related Cases in African-Americans and Whites specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The study mainly emphasizes possible avenues which could be exploited to ensure equal application as well as implementation of the various health care interventions with a focus on disease populations and disease management considering chronic conditions which receive greatest disparities in health care (American Diabetes Association, 2009, pp 13-61). Previous statistics reveal that the prevalence of diabetes amongst African-American is averagely 1.8 times more than that in whites of similar age. The studies further revealed that for every six whites suffering from dia betes, ten African-American are diagnosed with the same. The mortality rate amongst African-American is also higher approximated to be around 27%. The number of African-American diagnosed with diabetes and at the same time suffering from severe complications which accompanies the disease is over three million, which is almost 13% of the population. This shows that diabetes is one of the most costly health complications, but it can still be controlled through necessary preventive measures (American Diabetes Association, 2009, pp 13-61). Problem Statement Diabetes is considered epidemic amongst African American women with the rates amongst women 20 years and above recorded to be approximately 12% and 25% amongst women of 55 years and above (Kirk et al., 2007, pp 135-142). Statistics from the National Women’s Health Information Center, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) 2002, shows that diabetes is more prevalent amongst African-American women compared to white women . Because of the high rates of mortality and morbidity recorded in diabetes-related cases, there is need for preventive measures amongst African American women population.Advertising Looking for proposal on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Complications brought by diabetes could well be controlled through self-management. However, despite the population knowing the various self-management methods, there have been cases of poor adherence to the various documented means of diabetes care. These practices range from poor dietary beliefs to poor physical exercises, however, dietary beliefs have been found to be difficult to change owing to economic situation. Research from medical sources reveals that evidence-based practices enhance the quality of care given to patients and health improvement hence lowering medical costs (Burns and Grove, 2007). Majorly physical exercise and poor diet have been found to be the maj or causes of diabetes. Change in the level of caloric intake and the various changes in lifestyle influences the prevalence of the disease (American Diabetes Association, 2009, pp 13-61). Research Questions What difference exists in patient-provider services in diabetic-related cases amongst African-American and White patients? Is the concentration between serum glucose and glycated hemoglobin higher in African-American compared to whites? Do African-American women understand and utilize diabetes self-management activities? Literature Review Patient-provider perceptions and the correlation between random serum glucose concentration and glycated hemoglobin are some of the differences in diabetic-related cases in African Americans and Whites. This research will show the differences between the perceptions of patients and providers on diabetes-related perceptions as well as examine its association if any with self-care behaviors and with particular comparisons between African-America n and White patients. The research will bring to the forefront the part played by ethnic variation in the correlation between random serum glucose concentration and glycated hemoglobin (American Diabetes Association, 2009, pp 13-61). According to Dana et al. 2009, the manner in which a person experiences, understands and identifies diabetes is referred to as diabetes perceptions (Dana et al., 2009, p347). Research on patient-provider differences has found congruence with regard to diabetes-related attitudes, beliefs, and opinions.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Differences in Diabetic Related Cases in African-Americans and Whites specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research also shows that patients and providers generally agree on the core components of effective care of diabetes but have entirely different understandings of diabetes and the priorities for self-management (Burns and Grove, 2007). There is docum ented incongruence between patients’ and providers’ perspectives where self-management activities education priorities are concerned, continuity of care, barriers to self-care, treatment goals, quality of patient-physician communication, adherence to self-care regimen and diabetes-related attitudes (Tang et al., 2008, p341). Kirk et al. 2007 found that both ethnic groups had significantly different perceptions from providers for at least six concepts. For African-Americans, the significant areas of difference from providers were on the ideas of having blood sugar testing, emotions about diabetes, complications arising from diabetes, taking diabetes pills, the availability of help from friends and paying for diabetes. In contrast, the different perceptions held by White patients were in the concepts of controlling blood sugar, high blood sugar, diabetes diet, exercise, and diabetes, taking diabetes pills, and paying for diabetes. The first hypothesis is that African-Ame rican and White patients will differ in their diabetes-related perceptions compared with their care-givers. African-American patients will have a higher number of patient-provider incongruence than White patients is the second hypothesis (Tang et al., 2008, p342). Aside from differences in perceptions, we will also determine if the relationship between serum glucose concentration and glycated hemoglobin is different between the two ethnic groups in accordance with review by. In individuals with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin is increasingly recognized as an essential measure of recent glycogenic control. The premise that the relationship between glycated hemoglobin and serum glucose concentration is the same for both African-Americans and Whites has been relied on in epidemiological studies showing significantly worse glycaemic control in African-Americans vs. Whites. Similarly, this relationship is assumed to be constant by clinical recommendations that ta rget identical glycated hemoglobin values in African-American and white patients (Bleyer et al., 2009, p 128).Advertising Looking for proposal on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Bleyer et al. 2009, the correlation between glycated hemoglobin and serum glucose concentration will differ between white and African-American individuals after adjustment for age, gender and level of kidney function will form the third hypothesis of this investigation. Glycaemic control has been shown in epidemiological studies to be significantly worse in African-Americans than in whites. The premise that the relationship between glycated and serum glucose concentration is the same for both races has been the basis for these studies. In the same way, the relationship is assumed to be constant in clinical recommendations that target identical glycated hemoglobin values in African-American and white patients. Data that was almost exclusively obtained from white individuals has been relied on to establish the relationship between glycated hemoglobin and serum glucose in the initial large clinical trials (Bleyer et al., 2009, p128). Sample Selection and Methodology The st udy will focus majorly on health beliefs and self-care behaviors on those suffering from diabetes. The comprehensive research will focus on information and explanation from participant’s experiences in the process of managing and treating diabetes. Data collection will be based on cultural construction of health and illness as well as the belief model. All these would be used as a guide towards data collection and Grounded Theory approach towards analysis of both coded and sorted data. Grounded theory will be used to provide the basis technique necessary for identifying concepts and groups from the interviews. The approach helps in linking concepts into derived and formal theories. The chosen methodology would assist in providing the avenues used in discovering women’s self-management practices and behaviors, various beliefs on health, support systems, knowledge and education of the chosen sample (Burns and Grove, 2007). The sample comprised of 68 African American wome n diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Constructs related to diabetes self-management will be analyzed as provided by the seven self-management instructors as well as diabetes educational programs. The constructs to be used includes nutrition, physical exercises, changes in weight, stress management, blood glucose monitoring, and education on diabetes (Burns and Grove, 2007). Qualitative and quantitative methods would be used for the purposes of obtaining data representing health beliefs, knowledge on diabetes as well as self-management behaviors. Questionnaires were prepared for quantitative reasons preceded by qualitative interviews. Methodology for completing the study The study is designed to reflect descriptive data provided and assist in providing qualitative inquiry into the means through which African American women suffering from diabetes manage their lives. At the same time, the research digs into establishing the perceptions of health practitioners concerned with diabetes se lf-management. The research looks into the various variations established between women patients suffering from diabetes, diabetes self-management health practitioners as well as the identified programs. Self-management on diabetes will be based on factors such as; behaviors, various health beliefs and patient education. The various self-management behaviors monitored included; physical exercises, patient education, monitoring level of glucose, changes in diet, adherence to medication, and interaction with social systems. The rate of epidemic is one of the problems identified for this study, the complications and risks associated with diabetes, particularly amongst African American women (American Diabetes Association, 2009, pp 13-61). Since self-management is at the center of preventive measures on diabetes complication, it was identified as the important aspect of this study. Eight item tool included information such as; number of years providing diabetes self-management education , locality of classes, the number of time classes was conducted, educational level, nature of profession of the specialist, gender as well as ethnicity. The study being descriptive would utilize the use of questionnaire. The study will illustrate in details the ways in which African American suffering from diabetes manage there lives. The preventive measures discussed would target high-risk groups, which are the African American group. The research reveals the need for careful control of the blood glucose level and improved care brought by recommended self-management practices. The study will reveal the perceptions and views of health practitioners concerning knowledge and education on self-management. Describe your variables The study will utilize questionnaires and at the same time, apply efficient procedures in line with ethical methods for data collection. There will be an eleven item demographic showing participant profile, eight items dealing with health educator profile and q uestionnaire with thirty-nine articles. Variables in the study include; health beliefs, knowledge of diabetes, nutrition, physical activity, health education classes, monitoring of glucose, support from social dimensions such as families, and finances involves. Choosing participants for this study will be based on snowball sampling technique. The participants will be reached through word of mouth and also the study depended on the availability of participants in the various self-management education classes. The interview focuses on Africa American women diagnosed with diabetes. The size of the sample will depend on the homogeneity of the population with respect to research characteristics. All participants will be required to possess characteristics matching the interest of the research study (Kirk et al., 2007, pp 135-142). The participants were African-American women above the age of fifty-five to eighty years, with clear signs of diabetes and also self-management health educator s. This is because according to literature review, diabetes is a common disease amongst middle-aged and those at later stages of life. Owing to issues on age bracket, the study would establish the points on accessibility and availability of the target population. Participants will be recruited through various means such as; self-management education classes, interviewee referrals, friends of those suffering from the disease, and letters to institutions such as churches. The other population understudy would be health educators well versed with diabetes self-management, seven in number. To ensure accuracy of the outcome results, two registered nurses, one specialist in nutrition, physiologist, and two physicians are to be included. Informed consent forms would be dispatched and collected form all those participating in the study. Institutional Review Board/ Proposal Approval The interview includes potentially new contacts who first of all, should be contacted to win their confidence in participation. Participants’ names and personal details would be optional to ensure privacy. All participants will be required to confirm their participation through phone calls. Referrals will be used for the purposes of snowballing the sample to the required number of subjects. Results Data analysis provides combination literature review, explanation on various health models, methodology, research questions, and Grounded theory approach on data analysis. Analysis focuses on diabetes health beliefs, self-management behaviors, as well as education knowledge. Explanatory model of illness ensures that all the information pertaining to individual’s beliefs are obtained. Health Belief Model applied in the analysis to verify the patient’s understanding of the issues of health and diseases. While Grounded theory ensured that all means of identifying categories are linked to the available theoretical perspectives. The first section of the analysis would reveal both quantitative and qualitative findings, including the various experiences by the researchers. Demographics of the population of women are provided based on the cultural perspective of diabetes amongst women, and the various treatment behaviors focused on health beliefs. The other section provides the results addressing positive and negative views dealing with diabetes and self-management behaviors amongst the professionals, women and the various programs. Discussion The study reveals various factors affecting the impact of diabetes in an African-American Woman. The results provided would explore the fact that multiple beliefs and practical behaviors contribute much towards health effects. The determinants are revealed as the secondary factors influencing management capabilities of women. These include such issues as treatment costs which determine individuals response based on income level. The results would focus on the nature of communication or interaction between patients and hea lthcare providers as one of the significant barriers since most of the women are un-informed. Compliance to medication and self-management behaviors are crucial in the control and prevention of diabetes and other related diseases. There’s support of the fact that an individual’s good management abilities, adhering to recommended behaviors and education contributes positively to patient’s self-management of blood glucose level. Most of the primary behaviors prescribed by health professionals on diabetic management produced positive results on the sample population under study. Various factors affecting self-management were found to be similar across ethnicity, but the types of medication used varied greatly since more women prefer oral medication than injection of insulin. The study would inform the public on the fact that managing diabetes amongst affected individuals requires more than biomedical approach. The whole issue on self-management requires individuals to be aware of the various societal and personal factors such as gender, education and family, which have direct effects on social life. The study would provide information necessary for developing and monitoring individual treatment plan. The comparison of the epidemiological relationship between serum glucose concentration and glycated hemoglobin in African-American and white individuals was used in this present investigation. The correlation between glycated hemoglobin and serum glucose concentration differs between white and African-American individuals after adjustment for age, gender and level of kidney function is the hypothesis for this study (American Diabetes Association, 2009, pp 13-61). Limitations of this study will include such issues as inaccessibility to private medical records of the participants, which would have revealed blood glucose levels indicating clinical diabetes control measures. Hence glucose control mechanisms cannot be established through this study. T he sample for healthcare educators’ team was too small to represent the entire educators providing devices on diabetes self-management. References American Diabetes Association. (2009). Standards of medical care in diabetes—2009.  Diabetes Care, 32 (1), 13–61. Bleyer, A. J.,Hire D., Russell, G. B., Xu, J., Divers, J., Shihabi, Z, Bowden, D.W., Freedman, I. (2009).Ethnic variation in the correlation between random serum glucose concentration and glycated hemoglobin. Diabetic. Medicine. 26, 128–133 Burns, N. Grove, S. (2007). Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence  Based practice (4th ed). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier. Dana, L., Carthron, R.N., Tiny Marie Johnson, B. S, Tara, D., Hubbart, R. N, Courtney S. Kimya, R. N. (2009). â€Å"Give Me Some Sugar!† The Diabetes Self-Management Activities of African-American Primary Care giving Grandmothers. Journal of Nursing Scholarship 42, (3), 330-337 Kirk, J. K, Graves, D. E, Bell, R . A, Hildebrandt, C. A, Venkat Narayan, K., M. (2007). Ethnic Disparities in Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose among US Adults: A Qualitative Review. Ethnicity and Disease 17, 135 – 142. Tang, T. S., Stansfield, R. B., Oh, M., Anderson, R.M Fitzgerald, J.T. (2008).Patient Provider perceptions of diabetes and its impact on self-management: a comparison of African-American and White patients. Diabetic Medicine 25, 341–348 This proposal on Differences in Diabetic Related Cases in African-Americans and Whites was written and submitted by user Niko Bonner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Rape Essay

The Tragedy of Rape: Putting Faces to Numbers In the article, â€Å"The Possibilities and Limits of Telemedicine: Self-Treatment at the South Pole,† Sara Taub and Kayhan Parsi begin by stating, â€Å"it has been said that the death of one person is a tragedy whereas the death of a million is a statistic.† One daily occurrence where this can be applied is rape. Over 240,000 fall victim to rape, attempted rape, or sexual assault every year in the U.S. Although this a daily occurrence, many people do not realize how serious the issue truly is until they’ve heard a personal account of it; like many things, it isn’t recognized as tragic until real names and stories are placed to the statistical number. To help illustrate my point I will be using a few articles of the many on the subject. One of the articles examined, â€Å"Escaping Hades† by Lis (no last name given) is a story of one girl’s personal struggle with being the victim of rape. The second article is a statistic chart for r ape provided by RAINN (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network). The third article is the story of Jesse Dirkhising, a young boy who was brutally raped and killed, the article was written by Allyson Smith of worldnetdaily.com. I whole-heartedly agree with the quote that with many things, including rape, are much more tragic when viewed from one victims personal perspective rather than looking at a number. RAINN has provided a chart of statistics of the epidemic of rape. According to these statistics, â€Å"In 2002, there were 247,730 victims of rape, attempted rape or sexual assault.† Although this number is alarming and may give a bit of a shock value to whoever reads it, the truth is for the majority of people who look at this will think of it as no more than a number. Within these numbers lie true stories of victims of a terrible tragedy, it is not the numbers that tell their personal struggle or hardships that occurred throughou... Free Essays on Rape Essay Free Essays on Rape Essay The Tragedy of Rape: Putting Faces to Numbers In the article, â€Å"The Possibilities and Limits of Telemedicine: Self-Treatment at the South Pole,† Sara Taub and Kayhan Parsi begin by stating, â€Å"it has been said that the death of one person is a tragedy whereas the death of a million is a statistic.† One daily occurrence where this can be applied is rape. Over 240,000 fall victim to rape, attempted rape, or sexual assault every year in the U.S. Although this a daily occurrence, many people do not realize how serious the issue truly is until they’ve heard a personal account of it; like many things, it isn’t recognized as tragic until real names and stories are placed to the statistical number. To help illustrate my point I will be using a few articles of the many on the subject. One of the articles examined, â€Å"Escaping Hades† by Lis (no last name given) is a story of one girl’s personal struggle with being the victim of rape. The second article is a statistic chart for r ape provided by RAINN (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network). The third article is the story of Jesse Dirkhising, a young boy who was brutally raped and killed, the article was written by Allyson Smith of worldnetdaily.com. I whole-heartedly agree with the quote that with many things, including rape, are much more tragic when viewed from one victims personal perspective rather than looking at a number. RAINN has provided a chart of statistics of the epidemic of rape. According to these statistics, â€Å"In 2002, there were 247,730 victims of rape, attempted rape or sexual assault.† Although this number is alarming and may give a bit of a shock value to whoever reads it, the truth is for the majority of people who look at this will think of it as no more than a number. Within these numbers lie true stories of victims of a terrible tragedy, it is not the numbers that tell their personal struggle or hardships that occurred throughou...

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Clinical Psychology - Essay Example As the psychiatrist, it is necessary to initiate the talk in going back to the past negative experience of the patient. In doing so, the psychiatrist should first win the patient’s trust. Establishing ‘trust’ by being empathetic with the patient is necessary for the patient to open up his thoughts to the psychiatrist. Being empathic with the patient has to flow smoothly. It is important for the psychologist not to over do empathy since it could only lead the patient to maintain a distance with the psychiatrist. The psychiatric should carefully determine the culture of the patient. In general, culture is directly related to how the patient behaves and reacts on certain circumstances.1 For instance, as part of American culture, it is against the U.S. law for parents to physically hit any of their children. Therefore, there is a higher rate that individuals in the United States will grow up with a higher rate of speaking out their own emotional concerns. On the other hand, parents who are living in the Asian countries have a stronger hold on their children since these countries have a lesser chance of having a law stating that parents cannot physically hit their children. In fact, some parents in Asia are ‘spanking’ their children as part of disciplining them. Eventually, psychiatrist should be able to apply the psychic determinism theory since it is a fact that there will always be a reason behind how a person projects or see himself as an individual. The same theory can be applied concerning Mr. B’s negative feelings and outlook in life. In order for the psychiatrist to be successful in treating the patient, it is advisable to apply the cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). By allowing the patient to participate and open up the communication line with the psychiatrist, the patient is unconsciously releasing the underlying factors that

Telecommuting and the mobile worker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Telecommuting and the mobile worker - Essay Example Regarding shifts, since telecommuters work from homes or nearby telework centres, those only available during non-conventional hours still have the flexibility to maintain their lifestyles and work their shifts too (Ellison, 2004). During disasters or when employees cannot access the central workplace, it is helpful if the firm has a separately located data bank, back-up servers and disaster recovery plans that allow employees access from any other location upon appropriate authorisation. Four advantages of telecommuting to the IT manager are reduced needs and costs associated with relocating equipment; fewer interruptions; higher capability to acquire talent; and reduced software license costs for personal devices (Hill et al, 2002). Since employees are free to work from locations of their convenience, they will find their own ways of mobility and hooking up to the infrastructure. This leads to fewer interruptions that arise when employees have to be moved to different areas of the office and having to be set up afresh. Since employees do not have to be in the same geographical region as the headquarters, appropriate talent can be sought from anywhere and contribute to the firm’s productivity. Finally, employees will often be responsible for upgrading their personal devices to keep up with technology and continue having access to their working information and stay connected. The disadvantages include the initial sourcing of appropriate technology; security threats; challenges in actively and continuously connecting employees; and efficient tracking of employees. Acquiring and implementing the technology to support telecommuting seamlessly is a burden to the IT budget. Then, since the IT manager has no foolproof way of controlling who shares remote devices with employees and accesses confidential information from them, security may be compromised. Further, since employees are only concerned with getting their

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Linux Computer Science Essay

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Linux Computer Science Essay Easy to use,Virus free,With boot camp you can run XP or Vista on your machine, and with Parallels you can run windows programs in OS XP. Performance: While there is some debate about which operating system performs better, in our experience both perform comparably in low-stress conditions however UNIX servers under high load (which is what is important) are superior to Windows. Price: Servers hosting your web site require operating systems and licenses just like everyone else. Windows 2003 and other related applications like SQL Server each cost a significant amount of money; on the other hand, Linux is a free operating system to download, install and operate. Windows hosting results in being a more expensive platform. Less viruses: Windows currently has over a hundred thousand known viruses, while Linux has less than a hundred. Linux also uses smart authorisation management , so it requires you to authorise any action that may potentially harm your computer by entering your password. That means you are less likely to be tricked into installing malware and running virus programs, simply because it wont let you. No crashes: Windows users will be familiar with the infamous blue screen of death that greets them whenever the system crashes. In contrast, Linux users have reported uptimes exceeding over a year, which means that their computers have been continuously running over a year without a single crash or reboot. Free software: Linux users can download free software from huge repositories containing thousands of free programs and applications, from games to music players to office productivity tools. Most of them serve as free alternatives to commercial software, the most popular ones being OpenOffice and Mozilla Firefox, which replace Microsoft Office and Internet Explorer respectively. Disadvantage: Easily gets virus and or spyware.Does not come with many useful software alrdy installed.Easlity disrupted by other programs. Interface: The traditional interface for the Unix operating system is command line based, and this command line shell interface may be hostile to the casual user. Unix was developed for use by programmers and serious computer users rather than casual users. A graphical user interface (GUI) is also available, but the traditional Unix interface is command line only. Special Commands: Commands required by the command line interface often make use of cryptic naming schemes, and do not give much information to notify a user of what they are doing. Many commands in the Unix interface require the use of special characters. Small, normally insignificant typos can have much greater effects and unexpected results on Unix machines. *The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Microsoft Windows 2003 Advantage: Abundance of Features: Windows Server 2003 added an abundance of features over the previous Windows 2000 version, including a Volume Shadow copy service. If an administrator activates this feature on a drive, the system will periodically take snapshots of all the files on that drive. This enables deleted files to be recovered easier and can enable the option of recovering an older version of a file if some data got lost. In Setup mode, it also offers a Quick Format option where you can format a specific partition of a drive instead of having to do the entire drive at once, which saves a significant amount of time. Versions Designed to Fit Needs Windows Server 2003 added an abundance of features over the previous Windows 2000 version, including a Volume Shadow copy service. If an administrator activates this feature on a drive, the system will periodically take snapshots of all the files on that drive. This enables deleted files to be recovered easier and can enable the option of recovering an older version of a file if some data got lost. In Setup mode, it also offers a Quick Format option where you can format a specific partition of a drive instead of having to do the entire drive at once, which saves a significant amount of time. Disadvantage: Cost: Windows Server 2003 added an abundance of features over the previous Windows 2000 version, including a Volume Shadow copy service. If an administrator activates this feature on a drive, the system will periodically take snapshots of all the files on that drive. This enables deleted files to be recovered easier and can enable the option of recovering an older version of a file if some data got lost. In Setup mode, it also offers a Quick Format option where you can format a specific partition of a drive instead of having to do the entire drive at once, which saves a significant amount of time. Outdated: Another disadvantage to Windows Server 2003 is that is was already made obsolete by Windows Server 2008 and then Windows Server 2008 R2. Any upgrades to the Server systems will be made off of those versions and not the 2003 option. The 2008 version features enhanced security features that make it more attractive for many businesses in the wake of ever-evolving threats such as viruses and malware infestation. There are also a number of new features and programs included. *The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Mac OS Advantages: Security: Mac OS is a two-layered system: the attractive GUI sits atop a Unix core, and Unix is best-known for its security features. Its simply impossible to install a destructive trojan or virus unless the user explicity allows it root access via typing in the admin password. Mac OSs built-in firewall is set up to work unobtrusively out of the box as well as being highly configurable. Mac OS users should be vigilant about strange files and never allow an application they arent certain of admin access, but they dont need special anti-virus software. Reliability: Because OS X was designed from scratch from the ground up, Mac OS is incredibly stable. Apple controls production from start to finish, so every part of a Mac is designed and tested to work together. Ease of Use: Apples known for hiring the best industrial and interface designers around, and it shows in the intuitive nature of the GUI. I dont mean to sound like Im verging into fangirl territory here; its just true. Like the OSs reliability, the OSs functionality is designed to just work. The attractiveness of the interface cant be discounted. Some scoff that looks arent everything, but when youre spending 8 or more hours a day staring at a screen, its a relief to spend that time staring at a well-designed screen. Advanced users have easy command-line access with the Terminal app.. Mac OS Can Run Windows at the Same Time: Mac OS runs on Intel chips, which means you can run XP or Vista concurrently with Mac OS, with Boot Camp or Parallels software. Disadvantages: 1.os x only works on apple computers and not on other brands. 2.no games for os x as compared to windows. 3.all the best software and stuff comes for windows whereas with apple u have very little extra software and most programs will have to be from apple. 4.u cant customize os x exactly how u want it to be. 5.since u r os x on an apple computer then u r restricted to what they have to offer In my Opinion Microsoft windows is the best type which provides people with good features.

Animal testing Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Use of animals for Laboratory Testing There has been an on going debate on whether to use animals for laboratory testing. There are people now saying the use of animals in laboratory testing is not necessary and there are other alternatives. Many of these people claim the tests that are performed on the animals are not particularly valid. On the other hand, others claim that laboratory testing has been depended on animals to achieve medical advances. Whether or not the use of animals in laboratory test is a matter of opinion. It will take the necessary investigation and consideration to figure out what needs to be done. Taking a closer look at each issue will help to show the use of laboratory testing should not be used. There are three issues that show the use of animals in laboratory testing should not be used: cruel, unnecessary, and there are other alternatives. The most obvious issue not to use animals in laboratory testing is it’s cruel to animals. Animals used in the labatories are used for testing drugs, vaccines, and consumer products. Million of innocent animals die each year to determine the safety of products for humans. â€Å"To my mind life of the lamb is no less precious that that of a human being. I should be unwilling to take the life of the lamb for the sake of the human body. I hold that, the more helpless a creature, the more entitled it is to protection by man from the cruelty of man† (Vincent 13). There are 2.5 million an...

A critical reflection essay on Islam Essay

Islam being the fastest growing religion, has adhered a lot of positive as well as negative attention from the media. Due to this vast media influence stereotypes in Islam have increased from terrorism, Muslims have been discriminated merely due to the negative outlook that North America has portrayed upon them. The media tends to entwine the truth and to make Muslims seem perilous. Having that simple coherence of one another will be the start to making a difference. Islam is one of the most inspiring religions in the world. It is practiced in many countries, including Northern Africa, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Turkey, Iran, Pakistan and Iraq. Due to it being such a large religion, us people of the west tend to have a little understanding and knowledge about the religion. The very bitter truth is that not many people outside the religion can fully grasp their principles. With so many stereotypes being constantly circulated, it is very hard to get an evident picture about Islam both as a religion and as way of living. The first stereotype has to do with the jihad. Jihad literally means â€Å"The struggle in the path of God†, or â€Å"holy war†. This term unfortunately has been totally misunderstood and made to make it appear as though the Muslim people fight their way through all their problems. Jihad could mean ones spiritual struggle against infidels and does not always refer to actual violence. This pillar of faith has been completely turned around in order to portray Islam in a negative manner, which is surly something that we’ve adapted to through the media. Another stereotype is that women in the Muslim society are not treated equally or with respect. People feel this way because the women often wear a hijab which consists of a veil covering the head. This is actually a personal choice of the women, not a requirement. It was said in the Qu’ran that women and men were to be treated equally. By judging people too quickly we tend to forget to look inside rather then to make assumptions due to an appearance. Stereotypes such as the ones mentioned are absolutely biased and extremely unfair to the Muslim people. Many times, the media does not catch the side of the story where real people are being affected and influenced by what the society thinks and says about them. We seem to act as though we are more superior and that we are perfect and do not make mistakes. Just because some  people from a certain religion make a poor choice does not mean that everyone else is that religion is bound to as well. It is the same with the Muslim people. Just because there are terrorists who hurt themselves and those around them for selfish reasons, does not mean that every other Muslim is just as destructive. I feel that people need to be more open minded and try to do research and become more educated before judging and discriminating. If for once all religions saw eye to eye and did not try to put one another down then we would live in a much peaceful world. By not becoming educated, we basically take someone else’s opinion, or the medias and make it our own without looking deeper into the situation. If we just stop being selfish for just a moment, perhaps we can start again and try to live in harmony with our fellow human beings. During the past two weeks I have learned a lot about Islam, although I did know the basis of the religion people my family practices it. Although some of the thinks that I thought I knew turned out to be totally false I always thought the women never played a role in society and that the Muslim people really did have extremist views. After taking a closer look, I came to realize that I was not even close. It was so interesting and almost relieving to come to that realization that these people are simply misunderstood and are the victims of brutal discriminatory attacks. The biggest thing I learned from all this was not to judge a book by its cover. We can’t really have an opinion or pass judgment on a situation that we know nothing of. I realized now that people twist things in order to get a good story but as soon as people are educated about these matters, the media can no longer fool us into believing it all. Acting upon new knowledge, and most importantly correct knowledge is the way to see through the discrimination and look deep inside. Misconceptions and stereotypes about Islam and the Muslim community have increases majorly in the past couple of years. People have become too quick to judge and believe everything that the media tells them. Through knowledge and coherence about Islam and the Muslim people we would come to understand that it is all a simple misunderstanding and that really the Muslims are victims in this manifesto. We should not let others form opinions in our  head and to stay ignorant to the reality of the world. By doing this we save ourselves from becoming something that is not really human, but more so a robot that’s being controlled by the media, if we just stop and think for ourselves, we could live in harmony, and achieve world peace, a feeling that’s everlasting.

Essay on Causes of the American Revolution - 656 Words

On July 2, 1776, the second continental congress voted that the American Colonies were free from British influence. (Danzer,102) On July 4, two days later, they adopted the Declaration of Independence. These two events would begin what would become one of, if not the most important events in American History. It began the war of Independence, when America won its right to be free. There were many causes for the American Revolution. However most of them stemmed from paying for the French-Indian War. After the war, in 1763, the British began to feel the strain that often follows the war.(Langley, 14) To raise money Parliament passed the stamp act in 1965, which required the colonists to use special stamped paper for all legal documents,†¦show more content†¦(Gottschalk, 31) Placing British officials among people who were not used to having their lives scrutinized so caused the colonists to react violently, up to and including tarring and feathering British officials. The American Revolution began in a small Massachusetts town called Lexington. The governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Gage, learned that the Militia was stockpiling weapons, gunpowder, ammunition and other supplies. He ordered his troops to march on Lexington to confiscate the supplies. On April 19, 1765 a force of 700 British troops faced 70 minute men lined up on the green. The fighting was done in 15 minutes. 1 British soldier was injured and 8 minutemen were killed, 9 wounded. Gage did not find any supplies stockpiled however. On the march back, 3,000-4,000 colonials fired on the British, killing them by the dozens. Only reinforcements arriving from Boston stopped it from becoming a complete disaster. (Danzer, 98) According to The Americans, The popular gun during the early war was the brown Bess. Although highly inaccurate at distance, it reloaded quickly and was deadly at close range. Troop movements were by foot or boat. Horse was the fastest method of communication. During the beginning of the revolution, the colonial radicals were outraged at the British butchers who sought to retake control of America. The propaganda promoted Marylanders and Virginians to support the revolution and Officials in SouthShow MoreRelatedThe Revolution : The Cause Of The American Revolution1898 Words   |  8 Pages The American Revolution was the turning point for the colonies that made up the United States today. It was the war that freed the colonists from British control. But what actually caused the American Revolution? Well, there’s no simple answer to that question. In fact, most of the causes acted as if they were dominoes. These events can be categorized in four periods of time or setting. These groups are, Salutary neglect, Mercantilism, Boston, and Unity of protests. Salutary neglect was the ideaRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1202 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history many revolutions took place, ranging from the unremarkable to a tr uly memorable, as the French revolution, the American Revolution, and the Bolshevik Revolution, but American revolution took place in 1775-1783. The revolution was different from other revolution because of growing tensions between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the colonial government because American revolution was not like the others. This revolution was not like the others becauseRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution738 Words   |  3 Pagesas the American Revolution, or the Revolutionary War. The American Revolution was a war between the colonists of America and Great Britain and they were fighting over the independence of America from Britain. 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For example, the FrenchRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution886 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution began on April 19, 1775. It was the war between Great Britain and its colonies located in the New World. The colonists, as many historians put it, were like children rebelling against the motherland; however, they had many valid reasons for this revolt, including their desire for freedom and independence. My World History textbook says freedom was falsely promised when the colonists had settled (Krull 868). The more direct causes of this widely known rebellion include taxesRead MoreCaus es Of The American Revolution1344 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Revolution The causes of the American Revolution go back to the beginning of salutary neglect and the French and Indian War, as well as changes in the thinking of society. The effects of these events and other factors led to pressure within the colonies, ultimately resulting in rebellion. There were five factors to the nature of the American Revolution: The Environment, The Enlightenment, Self-Government, Economic Independence and Colonial Unity. The first factor that led to the AmericanRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution813 Words   |  4 PagesCauses Before the American Revolution, any imports from England from us had to come in ships owned by the British. Also, we could only sell tobacco and sugar to England. The British took French territory in Canada, east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida which led to the American Revolution. Due to the war, Britain went in debt so, the British government placed taxes on goods so they could make more money. But that’s not all that led to the American Revolution, both the us and the French